lecture notes:

Born in 1937, Wes Wilson is an icon in the world of psychedelic posters. He was heavily inspired by art nouveau, as I've shown below. He also liked to make the writing on his posters barely legible so that people would have to stop and pay attention to them to understand what they meant. This, alongside his contrasting colour palettes, was part of Wilsons great marketing techniques.   

Born in 1894, Norman Rockwell took the world by storm with his aspirations to become an artist. By fourteen he was already attending an art school and only two years after this he left school to study at the national academy of design and then the art students league.
Rockwell became successful very early on into his career, finishing his first commissioned pieces before he had turned sixteen. 
After working for many different publications, he landed a job for 'The Saturday Post'. They considered Rockwell to be the 'greatest show window in America' and he found most of his success with this publication working for them for 47 years.
Up until 1937, Rockwell worked exclusively with still life and models when creating his illustrations. After this though he discovered photography and how he can use this to his advantage. Rockwell would take lots of photos of the same subject and then have many to pick from. He would also have models and assistants to dress up and pose for his illustrations. How he would work is by sketching up an idea in his head then bringing it to life with a back story and photography to follow, he would even sometimes use projectors to help him bring his work to life. Norman Rockwell was also a perfectionist, It once took him 11 months to finish an illustration as he wouldn't have it published until he was happy with it.
I find Rockwells art very charming and full of character, each piece has a feel of the last but also has its own sense of individuality as each painting portrays a completely different story or scene

Born in 1932, Fuchs didn't actually draw or study art for the first 18 years of his life. He originally wanted to play the jazz trumpet professionally until a freak accident happened and he lost three fingers. This turned Fuchs to the world of advertising.
His career really set off in the 1950's, back then magazines focused on illustration much more than photography and so there was a high demand for artists like Fuchs.
In the late 1980s, advertising started to bore Fuchs and so he started looking at painting much more loosely and began working as a children's book illustrator. This ended up being one of his favourite things to do. he also had the challenge of creating 8 United States postage stamps but painting within such restraints wasn't what he wanted as a challenge. He eventually found his way into making television advertisements and film, he won art directors club awards for this but still ended up back to painting. In the 90's, however, this style of illustration was much more noticed in galleries either than magazine as photography had took over. 
I enjoy how as an artist, Fuchs was an individual that didn't follow one path and stick to it, he also found his own style of work which stood out amongst other popular artists at the time like Rockwell.

 I​This fashion story from 'DAZED' talks about the new internet trend of #clowncore. It explores how different social media, tiktok especially, helps spark new and exciting alternative fashion. Today is the new age of acceptance and social media and this means people are expressing themselves in much more adventurous ways. This article explores how alternative fashion is growing in popularity and is a good way for younger people, especially that of the queer community, to express themselves.

I believe this article was intended for a younger audience as it was wrote about them for them. It almost feels like a confirmation of how the youth are expressing themselves, further showing how its normal and, in this day and age, accepted to express yourself however you feel like. 
Another way this article is very "youth friendly" to me, is its bright yet relaxed tone throughout the article. All of the photography included in this article is mostly took by the 'tiktokers' themselves and are posted on their personal social media accounts. This further helps the relaxed feel as none of the photographs are professionally propped and took (or so it seems to be).

I personally found this article the most appealing as it relates to the trends I am seeing on the daily online. I dont usually enjoy fashion stories or trends but this one I have been personally interested in because of how unusual it is. In conclusion I found this article light, it also felt very relaxed and easy to read.

In comparison to the last story I looked at, this one is much more professional feeling. This isn't necessarily a bad thing though as it didn't intimidate me, just intrigued me more as it was presented so well. This was wrote for a wide audience as it was more of an educational story.
This piece was trying to teach people the rights and wrongs of the fashion world in a non condescending way. As I read it was pleasantly informative and had a warm tone. 

Another thing that stood out for me was the photography included. The photographs used the same colour pallet throughout which ultimately helped them flow. The article was presented with the photos being a main focus of the story too, much larger and bolder then the writing around them.
I liked how the photography complemented the story. Underneath each photo each item the models where wearing was also listed making each photo a discreet advertisement. 
I also noted while looking at this story that they didn't have the stereotypical model either which was refreshing to look at. The models shows on this page where multicultural and didn't pose in the usual ways, all of them where posed looking relaxed and comfortable. This probably added to the relaxed yet professional feel to the piece.

This collage by Richard Hamilton, made in 1956, is one of the first iconic pieces of pop art made. It was created for a catalogue of the exhibition 'this is tomorrow' in London. 
Here is my own version of the picture:

I tried to make my room look as busy and hectic as I could as that's how the original piece made me feel when viewing it. I added things that seem to be important in peoples lives at the moment, Such as celebrities, junk food, games, pets and distractions from reality such as superheroes. 

Aicher was an influential graphic designer and typographer from Germany that co founded the Ulm school of design, alongside Inge Scholl and Max Bill.
He was born in may 1922 and Grew up in Ulm. While growing up he became close friends with a boy called Werner Scholl. Through knowing Werner, Aicher met his family who just so happened to be part of the non violence resistance group 'the white rose'. This group was anti-nazi and worked against them and their views through propaganda. Seeing this work alongside seeing on of Werners eldest sisters be executed for being against the Nazis made Aicher also very against them.
Aicher refused to join the Hitler youth group and so got arrested in 1937, This meant that he couldn't take his entrance exams for college, therefore not being able to go once being released.
After not being able to attend college, Aicher was then forced to join the German army to help fight in WW2. Obviously the young man was very against this war and made every attempt he could to leave but to no avail most of his attempts failed.
Eventually he managed to run away from the war and take refuge at the Scholls family house. He hid there for quite some time to avoid the war. When the war finally came to a halt in 1946 he enrolled himself in the School of fine art, Munich to study sculpture.

A year after enrolling to study sculpture Aicher launched a studio in Ulm and got married into the Scholl family through his friends sister, Inge Scholl. Very soon after this he established the Ulm school of design and became very successful. So successful infact that it remained one of Germanies leading education centres until it was closed in 1968.

Aicher himself had a high interest in corporate branding and got plenty of commissioned work in his time of being a graphic designer and typographer. He made logos for famous German airlines and was even offered the lead designers position  for the 1972 Olympics summer Olmypics. This is when he started using stick figures throughout his work, this which was largely influential to the graphics design world and definitely helped make his mark on the graphic design world.
In 1888 Aicher even created the Rotis font family after consulting the kitchen company 'Bulthaup'. He wrote plenty of books on subjects including art and design that also became highly influential on popular. 

Arndt was a German architect and Bauhaus scholar who was born 1896 and lived until 1976. During world war one Arndt was pulled for military duty and worked as a foreman in 1916. After 1919 he studied figure drawing at the Königsberg Art Academy and took painting lessons from painter Robert Budzinski.
In 1921 he joined a youth group that protested against industrialisation in Germany. this was called Wandervogelbewegung.
He studied at the Bauhaus from 1921 to 1927, Bauhaus was a German art school which was revolutionary as it was one of the first that had a crossover between fine arts and craft. It became especially famous from having a new innovating approach to design and how things were produced. This school helped turn design from being just a practical thing to having an aesthetic feel to it at the same time. 
Shortly after graduating from the school he begun teaching as the master of interior design and building at the school in 1930. In 1931 he taught perspective, interior design and illustrative geometry.at the Bauhaus for a year. After this, In 1927 he married Gertrud Arndt who was a photographer who also studied at Bauhaus with him.

Modernism as a whole movement, especially in Russia, was an art movement that transformed the art world forever. Art developed from 'art for arts sake' into finally becoming a way for artists to correctly express themselves and the world around them however they wanted. Things such as oppression and poverty definitely helped push this movement into the light too.

This poster in particular is constructed so that your eye is drawn to the woman shouting, then because of the words ascending in height it draws you to read the writing besides her. This artwork in particular is made from a collage of photography, strong typography and bright inks. As you can see in the poster after this it also uses the same, red, white and blue. This was wildly popular in this era for the constructivist movement and was seen in majority of these posters.

Compared with the last poster, this posters composition is much less structured. That's because with the constructivist movement in Russia, artists decided to completely recreate art. They wanted to start all over again at point zero and so worked much more abstract and loose, therefore creating drastically different work like this. This piece in particular is now considered to be symbolic of the Russian civil war.
Both of these art pieces are examples of art made for the people. Constructivism started with just a new type/style of propaganda but very quickly became much more in the art world. It literally reconstructed what the definition of art is and still influences artists today.

Glasgow-  Margaret Macdonald
Margaret and the other artists she would work with didn't keep sketchbooks, they relied on imagination for main sources of inspiration for their work. Other sources of inspiration included poetry and the bible. I think this shows in her work. As you can see her work is very peaceful and depicts beautiful women, flora and symmetry.

Vienna- Gustav Klimt
This Austrian painter was considered one of the most prominent artists of the art nouveau movement in Vienna. Klimt often travelled to Venice and Ravenna, this easily was a large influence on how his work turned out looking, as he was inspired by the many mosaics he saw there. You can see this through his almost abstract depictions of clothes and backgrounds in his paintings. 

Nancy- Emile Galle
​Galle was yet again another leader in the art nouveau movement although his preferred medium was glass work rather than more traditional mediums. He was considered an innovator of the movement as he took techniques such as glass marquetry and pushed it to its limits, proving to make new wonderful and colourful glass pieces as ever previously made.
His work also involves flora and natural forms but unlike the other works doesn't involve women, usually just flowers and wildlife.

Madrid- architecture 
In Madrid I couldn't find just one artist that stood out. There wasn't much in paintings either or even sculpture, but the art nouveau architecture was very prominent as shown here.
Much like the other art in this style, these buildings didn't have any harsh lines and were usually made up of soft and light colours too.

In conclusion, Art nouveau had an impact on artists all over the world, everything from painters to architects. The context of each artist and where they were from impacted how different the work looked however, causing art noveau to be less strict of a movement. Majority of the work all had things in common still though, such as incorporating soft lines, colours and nature inspired themes. Although they shared these similarities, each artist was very individual in this era.

Japonisme is a French art term that was used to describe the large craze for Japanese artwork in the late nineteenth century.
We weren't allowed to trade with japan until the use of a gunboat diplomacy in the Perry expedition, 1853, This expedition forced Japan to open up its borders after 220 years of isolation. As you can imagine, 220 years is a very long time for cultures and art styles to develop.
The western world didn't recognise, nor understand japans previous cultures and artworks so it began a new craze that is still continued today.

The widely famous Vincent van Gogh was also inspired heavily by Japan in his later works. He never actually visited japan or experienced the culture for himself but as japonisme was such a big thing at the time, Vincent was constantly surrounded by the work and became heavily inspired. You can tell from his piece Brug te Arles (on the left) that he was inspired by Japanese woodcut prints.
​The composition and the way he illustrated people in this piece helps show this.
Comparing these two pieces side by side help show the similarities between the two. 

This type of Vincent's work show a huge difference in style to the work he created before the discovery of Japanese culture. as shown here :

His earlier work, as show here with the piece 'road in etten', contrasts rather nicely to the work above. This work is so early in fact that Van Gogh was still in the process of sketching and hadn't began to use oil paints and or explore colour yet.
​A big inspiration to him at this time was poverty and labourers, you can clearly tell the difference too as it looks very different to his Japanese inspired work.